Congenital lung malformations — CPAM, sequestration, CLE, bronchogenic cyst

CT · X-ray

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

Name the malformation from its content and blood supply: cystic lung (CPAM), a systemic artery from the aorta (sequestration), a hyperinflated lobe (congenital lobar emphysema), a fluid cyst beside the airway (bronchogenic) — CT angiography answers the surgical question.

Orient first

  • Many are diagnosed antenatally; postnatal CT is usually done at a few months before resection (verify local timing).
  • Hybrid lesions (CPAM with systemic supply) are common.
  • CLE in the neonate may be fluid-filled and opaque, later hyperlucent.

Acquire the study

  • Arterial phase CT angiography, thin slices, MIP and volume rendering; lung window.

The manoeuvre

  • Lung window: cysts — size of the largest in cm, number, walls.
  • Arterial phase: systemic feeding artery from the thoracic or abdominal aorta — its origin and calibre.
  • Venous drainage: pulmonary (intralobar) vs systemic (extralobar).
  • Hyperinflated lobe with attenuated vessels (CLE); mediastinal shift.
  • Fluid-attenuation cyst adjacent to the carina (bronchogenic).

What confirms it

  • Typical cystic or vascular anatomy on CT angiography.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • Normal CT angiography after an antenatal diagnosis may mean regression — a small residual lesion can still be present.

The classic misread

  • Missing the feeding artery below the diaphragm by not scanning the upper abdomen.

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