Staging ovarian cancer on CT — the map for cytoreduction

CT

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

A CT that describes where the disease is in the sites that make complete cytoreduction difficult: the root of the small bowel mesentery, porta hepatis, lesser sac, diaphragm, and supradiaphragmatic nodes — not only "peritoneal disease present".

Orient first

  • Most present with FIGO stage III (peritoneal disease beyond the pelvis — verify the edition).
  • Surgeons want to know about disease in sites that predict suboptimal debulking; neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be chosen instead.
  • Cardiophrenic and supraclavicular nodes and pleural disease make it stage IV.

Acquire the study

  • Portal venous phase CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis, thin reconstructions with coronal and sagittal reformats; oral water or positive contrast to separate bowel.

The manoeuvre

  • Adnexal masses: size in cm, solid components, bilaterality.
  • Peritoneum: omentum, right subphrenic space, liver and spleen surface, pouch of Douglas — size of largest deposit.
  • Difficult sites: small bowel mesentery root, porta hepatis, lesser sac, gastrosplenic ligament, splenic hilum.
  • Nodes: pelvic, para-aortic up to the renal veins, cardiophrenic (> 5 mm short axis — verify), supraclavicular.
  • Chest: pleural effusion and nodules; parenchymal liver or spleen metastases (stage IV) vs surface deposits.

What confirms it

  • Adnexal mass with peritoneal disease and histology; the stage stated by edition.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • CT cannot exclude small-volume peritoneal disease; laparoscopy is the reference for resectability.

The classic misread

  • Calling surface splenic or hepatic implants parenchymal metastases (which changes stage IIIC to IVB).

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