Meningioma — and what to report for the surgeon

MRI · CT

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

An extra-axial, dural-based, avidly enhancing mass with a CSF cleft and dural tail; the report adds venous sinus invasion, hyperostosis, brain oedema and the features that suggest a higher grade.

Orient first

  • Extra-axial signs: CSF cleft, displaced cortex and vessels, broad dural base, buckled grey matter.
  • Hyperostosis of adjacent bone and calcification are common in benign meningioma.
  • Features raising concern for atypical or anaplastic grade: brain invasion, heterogeneous enhancement, necrosis, marked oedema, low ADC (not reliable alone).

Acquire the study

  • Post-gadolinium 3D T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, MR venography for parasagittal lesions.

The manoeuvre

  • Post-contrast T1 in three planes: dural base, dural tail, size in mm.
  • T2: CSF cleft and vascular flow voids at the tumour–brain interface; brain oedema on FLAIR.
  • Venous sinus on MRV and post-contrast series: patent, compressed or invaded (Sindou grade — verify).
  • DWI: very low ADC in a meningioma raises concern for higher grade.

What confirms it

  • A dural-based extra-axial enhancing mass with a CSF cleft; histology grades it.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • Intra-axial location (no CSF cleft, cortex expanded) excludes meningioma.

The classic misread

  • A dural tail is not specific — metastases, lymphoma and granulomatous disease can show it.

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