IVC filter — position and complications

CT · X-ray

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

Report the filter type and position relative to the renal veins, then tilt, strut penetration through the IVC wall into adjacent organs, fracture and embolised fragments, and caval thrombosis — the findings that decide retrieval.

Orient first

  • Filters are ideally infrarenal with the apex below the lowest renal vein.
  • Tilt > 15° (verify) makes retrieval harder; strut penetration > 3 mm beyond the wall is common and usually asymptomatic.
  • Retrievable filters should be removed when no longer needed.

Acquire the study

  • CT venography with a delayed venous phase (~90–120 s).

The manoeuvre

  • Axial and coronal reformats: struts beyond the caval wall in mm; into duodenum, aorta, spine, ureter.
  • Venous phase: thrombus within or above the filter; caval occlusion.
  • Renal vein position relative to the filter apex.

What confirms it

  • Position and complications documented on radiograph and CT.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • A well-positioned filter without penetration, fracture or thrombus is uncomplicated.

The classic misread

  • Calling mixing of unopacified blood thrombus on an early phase.

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